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Also important to electronics is the study and understanding of electromagnetic field theory. If you have questions or comments regarding a published document please contact the publishing agency. Comments or questions about document content can not be answered by OFR staff.

For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. An electronic device has transistors and silicon chips which control and change the electric current passing through it. Airlines appear to be giving up on the battle to make passengers switch off their electronic devices during takeoff and landing. Now we will have to prove that our electronic devices will charge up before we are allowed on flights. Everything from electric equipment to electronic products and components.

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These sounds are then played back using the sampler program itself, a MIDI keyboard, sequencer or another triggering device (e.g., electronic drums) to perform or compose music. Because these samples are usually stored in digital memory, the information can be quickly accessed. A single sample may often be pitch-shifted to different pitches to produce musical scales and chords. Released in 1970 by Moog Music, the Mini-Moog was among the first widely available, portable, and relatively affordable synthesizers. Dub music influenced electronic musical techniques later adopted by hip hop music when Jamaican immigrant DJ Kool Herc in the early 1970s introduced Jamaica's sound system culture and dub music techniques to America.

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One such technique that became popular in hip hop culture was playing two copies of the same record on two turntables in alternation, extending the b-dancers' favorite section. The turntable eventually went on to become the most visible electronic musical instrument, and occasionally the most virtuosic, in the 1980s and 1990s. An important new development was the advent of computers to compose music, as opposed to manipulating or creating sounds. Iannis Xenakis began what is called musique stochastique, or stochastic music, which is a composing method that uses mathematical probability systems. Different probability algorithms were used to create a piece under a set of parameters.

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Electronic tuning can nowadays be done by plugging in a laptop to the vehicle diagnostic port and uploading different settings to the engine's electronic control unit. The car's electronic stability control is used to subtly brake individual wheels and counter any drifting effect. The first is the need for a standard format (a 'markup language') for encoding models in a robust, parsible, electronic form. The time delay is due to small electronic differences between the two anemometers. Cheques are steadily being replaced by electronic payment systems such as debit cards. These days, people are using a growing array of electronic communication methods - e-mail, text messaging, instant messaging, and social networking sites.

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Jeff Wayne achieved a long-lasting success with his 1978 electronic rock musical version of The War of the Worlds. In 1961 Josef Tal established the Centre for Electronic Music in Israel at The Hebrew University, and in 1962 Hugh Le Caine arrived in Jerusalem to install his Creative Tape Recorder in the centre. In the 1990s Tal conducted, together with Dr. Shlomo Markel, in cooperation with the Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, and VolkswagenStiftung a research project aimed at the development of a novel musical notation system for electronic music. Improvements to the technology were made using the AC biasing technique, which significantly improved recording fidelity. Although these developments were initially confined to Germany, recorders and tapes were brought to the United States following the end of World War II. These were the basis for the first commercially produced tape recorder in 1948.